Failure of Comet Essay

In the first part of this report, the writers focused on the process to undertake risk management, which including risk identification, analysis of probability and consequences, risk mitigation strategy and finally control and document. Subsequently, the writers did the analysis and hypothesis on how can risk management be helpful if De Havilland Company undertook risk management during the process of Comet project. While in the second part, the writers discussed different types of risk that related to the Comet project, such as, technical risk, financial risk, commercial risk and human resource risk. The most critical risk was technical risk because it may have lead to many problems, such as, damage of image, financial loss and unsalable product. Regarding the third part, the writers concluded the critical errors of the company made in the Comet project. In our opinion, one critical error was too big distinction of company pursue in a limited time. The research and development of high technology product itself implied huge risk and uncertainty that have to be handled within a certain period of time, let alone fulfill the extra new design elements in a short period. Another problem was their slow reaction of accident. They were over dependent on the opinion of designer, but in fact, the subjective judgment of designers didnt lead the company to get out of the trouble. In the final part, the writers reviewed the statement Fail is the price we pay for technological advancementand noticed that although risk management may help organizations face those risks and reduce their loss, risk cannot be total avoided in general. Without failures, our society may not be so developed. How risk management could have aided in Comet project As we know,

Jails and Prisons

The Differences of Prisons and Jails Kenitra Evans CRJ303 Instructor Martin McAuliffe March 13, 2013 There are many differences between jails and prisons. They equally both house offenders but their day to day operations are very different. There are long histories about jails and prisons both and in this paper we will describe the differences of jails and prisons including how they operate and their functions.Many people hear the words prison and or jail, and they believe that both are one in the same but in reality they are very much different. Jails are correctional facilities that house offenders before or after they are sentenced for their crimes committed. Those individuals that are confined in jails are: * Individuals pending arraignment and awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * Probation, parole, and bail bond violators and absconders (Seiter,2011 pg 71) There are many different other reasons jails house inmates. Jails are full service facilities that offer security, fo od service, medical care, and offender programs and are therefore different from lockups, which are commonly located in police stations and hold people only for a short period of time, usually no more than forty-eight hours. †(Seitter, 2011) Sheriff’s and local governments oversee the day to day operation of jails and there are different jails such as the regional jail which were created because the basic operations of jails were becoming complicated for small counties and the need for funding to continue operations.There are about 3,600 jails in the United States. â€Å"The size of the jail population is a product of decisions made by various law enforcement entities that the jail serves, the courts, and other segments of the criminal justice system. The size of the jail population is also affected by local, state, and federal laws; crime rates; and public attitudes about crime. †(nicic. gov) The length of stay and those admitted to jails are quite different fro m prisons. There have been almost 9 to 11 admissions to jail and the average length of stay is 15 to twenty days.Sometimes a person stays longer if they are still fighting a case thus pushing out their court dates which extends their stay provided they cannot afford bail. â€Å"During 2003, 686,437 inmates were admitted to state and federal prisons, 656,320 inmates were released, and the average length of stay for released inmates was 36 months. The jail system booking and release procedures are on a constant whirlwind with bail bonds and so forth. There are different jails as well such as state jails and county jails.In state jails an inmate can spend no more than two years maximum. Prisons Prisons are run by state governments and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the U. S. Prisons were created to house inmates that are serving a sentence of one year or more that are convicted of crimes. Pri sons offer more to inmates such as work programs, Halfway houses and other educational programs that could possibly benefit the offender.These sorts of incentives are not offered in jails because inmates are usually serving shorter sentences. There are different facilities such as BOP operated prisons, long term contract facilities and jails/short term facilities. Many offenders in prison are set in place by their security levels. Some are deemed as low risk, medium risk or high risk offenders which determine where they are housed. The prison budget has been over exceeded with the operations and also building more prisons to prevent overcrowding. Corrections is the fifth-largest area of state spending after Medicaid, secondary education, higher education and transportation. State spending on prisons has swelled as the nation’s jail and prison population has climbed to 2. 3 million people, or about one in every 100 adults. But grim budget realities are forcing state lawmakersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ hand. †(pewtrusts. org) There is a difference in jails and prisons as well as how they are operated. Prisons house offenders that have been convicted of crimes whereas jails house those awaiting trial as well as those serving shorter sentences.Prisons and jails have come a long way and there will be more changes to come with the world’s crime rate as it is. References At Least 23 States Cut Funding for Prisons This Year, August 11, 2009 The Pew Charitable Trusts http://www. pewtrusts. org/our_work_report_detail. aspx? id=54481 Corrections: An Introduction; Richard P. Seiter 3rd edition 2011 Upper Saddle River New York Jail Resource Issues What Every Funding Authority Need to Know, Gary M. Bowker February 2002 http://static. nicic. gov/Library/017372. pdf Jails and Prisons The Differences of Prisons and Jails Kenitra Evans CRJ303 Instructor Martin McAuliffe March 13, 2013 There are many differences between jails and prisons. They equally both house offenders but their day to day operations are very different. There are long histories about jails and prisons both and in this paper we will describe the differences of jails and prisons including how they operate and their functions.Many people hear the words prison and or jail, and they believe that both are one in the same but in reality they are very much different. Jails are correctional facilities that house offenders before or after they are sentenced for their crimes committed. Those individuals that are confined in jails are: * Individuals pending arraignment and awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * Probation, parole, and bail bond violators and absconders (Seiter,2011 pg 71) There are many different other reasons jails house inmates. Jails are full service facilities that offer security, fo od service, medical care, and offender programs and are therefore different from lockups, which are commonly located in police stations and hold people only for a short period of time, usually no more than forty-eight hours. †(Seitter, 2011) Sheriff’s and local governments oversee the day to day operation of jails and there are different jails such as the regional jail which were created because the basic operations of jails were becoming complicated for small counties and the need for funding to continue operations.There are about 3,600 jails in the United States. â€Å"The size of the jail population is a product of decisions made by various law enforcement entities that the jail serves, the courts, and other segments of the criminal justice system. The size of the jail population is also affected by local, state, and federal laws; crime rates; and public attitudes about crime. †(nicic. gov) The length of stay and those admitted to jails are quite different fro m prisons. There have been almost 9 to 11 admissions to jail and the average length of stay is 15 to twenty days.Sometimes a person stays longer if they are still fighting a case thus pushing out their court dates which extends their stay provided they cannot afford bail. â€Å"During 2003, 686,437 inmates were admitted to state and federal prisons, 656,320 inmates were released, and the average length of stay for released inmates was 36 months. The jail system booking and release procedures are on a constant whirlwind with bail bonds and so forth. There are different jails as well such as state jails and county jails.In state jails an inmate can spend no more than two years maximum. Prisons Prisons are run by state governments and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the U. S. Prisons were created to house inmates that are serving a sentence of one year or more that are convicted of crimes. Pri sons offer more to inmates such as work programs, Halfway houses and other educational programs that could possibly benefit the offender.These sorts of incentives are not offered in jails because inmates are usually serving shorter sentences. There are different facilities such as BOP operated prisons, long term contract facilities and jails/short term facilities. Many offenders in prison are set in place by their security levels. Some are deemed as low risk, medium risk or high risk offenders which determine where they are housed. The prison budget has been over exceeded with the operations and also building more prisons to prevent overcrowding. Corrections is the fifth-largest area of state spending after Medicaid, secondary education, higher education and transportation. State spending on prisons has swelled as the nation’s jail and prison population has climbed to 2. 3 million people, or about one in every 100 adults. But grim budget realities are forcing state lawmakersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ hand. †(pewtrusts. org) There is a difference in jails and prisons as well as how they are operated. Prisons house offenders that have been convicted of crimes whereas jails house those awaiting trial as well as those serving shorter sentences.Prisons and jails have come a long way and there will be more changes to come with the world’s crime rate as it is. References At Least 23 States Cut Funding for Prisons This Year, August 11, 2009 The Pew Charitable Trusts http://www. pewtrusts. org/our_work_report_detail. aspx? id=54481 Corrections: An Introduction; Richard P. Seiter 3rd edition 2011 Upper Saddle River New York Jail Resource Issues What Every Funding Authority Need to Know, Gary M. Bowker February 2002 http://static. nicic. gov/Library/017372. pdf

Personal Ethic Statement Essay

VirtuePersonal Ethics Statement Personal ethics provides a foundation for an individuals’ moral scale. It reflects personal beliefs on values, morals, right, and wrong. Personal ethics is influenced by family, friends, community, religion, culture, and coworkers; and that can have a positive or negative impact. Personal ethics varies from person to person; some points may be similar whereas others will differ. Personal ethics drives actions, and to some point, emotions day by day. Depending, on the individual our personal ethics and where we stand will lead us on a path of failure or success. According to my Ethical Lens Inventory, my preferred ethical lens is Rights- Responsibility and Results Lens (Ethical Lens Inventory Games), meaning that I can think rationally and still be emotionally balanced while coming up with a solution for the greater good of the people. I value independence and individual rights while making sure everyone is treated fairly. I am optimistic and like to bring new ideas to the table that someone may not have seen before. My blind spot is â€Å"Belief that motives justify methods or your own good is good† (Ethical Lens Inventory Games). Sometimes I let people down who are depending on me. I can ignore other problems as long as mines are solved. My strengths are â€Å"Self Knowledge and Free will† (Ethical Lens Inventory Games) I believe in balancing responsibility and entrepreneurship. I believe everyone should be accountable and self-reliant because I am so I expect that from others. My weakness is once I have made up my mind about something that I can close the door on other interpretation. I also have to accept that I cannot do everything by myself and that if I do not take the time to reflect that I can fail and become exhausted. My values are Autonomy, Rationality, Sensibility, Temperance, and Prudence (Ethical Lens Inventory Games). As a result of my personal background and what I have learned, I have placed prominence on being independent but also accepting help from others. My course of action is taking and accepting responsibility for my own actions. I have high expectations and my actions will determine my level of success. I will take time out to reflect on who I am, who I want to become and how I am going to get there. I am going to do what is right and in my heart. I will not change who I am for others even if they dislike me. I will follow the golden rule and treat people how I want to be treated. I will be fair to others and avoid being biased. I will fulfill my duties for those counting on me, and be respectful and show dignity for myself and for others. I will never settle for less and try my hardest at everything that I do, and seek continued improvement. References Ethics Games. Ethical Lens Inventory Report. Retrieved from http://www. ethicsgames. com

Recommendation of Internal Control for Purchases, Payables and Essay

Recommendation of Internal Control for Purchases, Payables and Payments - Essay Example There also remains the question of assessing the adequacy of the policies and procedures, and determine whether these are being implemented, working efficiently and being monitored effectively. The paper will further discuss the strengths and weaknesses in the internal control system of purchases, payables and payments. Management is responsible to ensure that proper internal controls are being exercised and being operated as intended. We believe that this information will alert to possible weaknesses in our organization and enable the management to initiate appropriate actions to address the concerns. The text book defines internal auditing as an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organizations operations. It helps an organization to accomplish its objectives by evolving a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.   The internal audit activity evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of controls that encompass the organizations governance, operations, and information systems. Internal audit reviews include the reliability and integrity of financial and operational information, effectiveness and efficiency of operations, safeguarding of assets, and compliance with laws, regulations, and contracts. These reviews also ascertain the extent to which operating and program goals and objectives have been established and whether they conform to the requirements of the organization. Besides, it also examines the extent to which results are consistent with established goals and objectives and whether operations and programs are being implemented or performed as intended.   This paper will also strive to help in improving the functions of internal controls in purchase, payable and payment first by describing the existing

Chart of Accounts for Health Care Organizations Essay

Chart of Accounts for Health Care Organizations - Essay Example A number of healthcare services including hospice, emergency care, outpatient surgeries, long-term home care, pharmacies and rehabilitation services among many others. Formed through a merger of Samaritan Health System and Lutheran Health Systems in 1999, the company has grown rapidly and currently boasts of assets worth $6.4 Billion (Piland, Glass & Center for Research in Ambulatory Health Care Administration, 1999). Banner Health has an efficient structure that has continued to portray its readiness to face the dynamic nature of the industry. The network continues to position itself strategically in the provision of healthcare services thereby making itself ready to offer its services in the next decade. Key among such strategies is the expansion of its network coupled with its diversification plan. As explained earlier, the company has expanded from Phoenix in Arizona to have more than twenty outlets in several other states. Such is an effective strategy the network employs in ens uring that it reaches as many Americans as possible. Health care is a basic need in any economy; the company, therefore, grows its network thereby enhancing the accessibility of its services throughout the nation. The same is the case with the diversification of the network. Banner Health offers a number of services including pharmacy, hospice, rehabilitation services, laboratory services and hospital care among many others. Demand for health care services is dynamic given the changing lifestyle in the contemporary society. The next decade promises further changes a feature that requires the services providers to streamline their capabilities. Banner health portrays the dynamism capable of handling the demands for health care service in the future. Emergency services are vital in ensuring that the company handles the demand for emergency services. The same is the case with hospice and home care among the many other services.

Building Starbucks as a company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building Starbucks as a company - Essay Example A growing mail-order business helped Starbucks decide where to expand after its successful IPO. Fast paced growth led Schultz to realize [197-198]2 that for the company to maintain its competitive edge without taking a toll on the company’s values, he had to reinvent himself and go back to his entrepreneurial roots. Schultz appointed someone else to take care of day-to-day operations so he could be the leader and pathfinder looking into the future, whose job was to help Starbucks keep its marketing edge by providing a stimulating and challenging environment for dreamers, entrepreneurs, professional managers, and leaders [190-204]. The success of the Frappuccino, a cold coffee drink ideal for hot weather, was the result of Schultz’s reinvention. A cold drink was not part of the Starbucks vision, but customers loved it, so Schultz allowed it. It was a hit! Starbucks entered the music business as customers loved the music playing in the stores. Music sales lifted over-all store sales as customers were delighted to find a good product they liked and because good music added to the Starbucks experience and sense of esthetics [205-214]. Related to this, Starbucks will release on November 22, 2005 the Rolling Stones CD Rarities: 1971 - 2003, a collection of remixes, exotic B-sides and hard-to-find live recordings, another way for customers â€Å"to discover, experience and acquire great music through CD compilations and music programming† (Lombard).

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project management - Essay Example Janis is in a position of power and she has to create an effective communication plan to ensure the success of the project. The first step in the communication plan is to ensure all the key players have the proper communication devices. The company must provide Janis, Clark, Downs, and Pokorski with a smartphone. I recommend the firm purchase four iPhone 4. A smartphone has the capabilities of connecting to the internet which can enable the different managers to send data and information to Janis instantly. The company should also design a mobile application that enables these workers to connect to the company intranet. A lot of businesses in the 21st century have realized the benefits technology offers to improve communication and are taking advantage of its capabilities (Goessl, 2008). Janis also has to create a system to ensure these managers communicate with her on a routinely basis. My recommendation is for the four professionals to have weekly meetings. The meeting can occur ei ther face to face or virtually. The virtual meetings could take place using the services of Skype. Skype is an internet service that enables its users to make video calls free of charge (Skype, 2011). Janis has to be able to manage her human resources effectively to avoid conflicts. The company placed Clark, Downs, and Pokerski in a tough position because they gave Janis the ability to access the resources these managers have at their disposal. It is possible that Janis might ask for work from these managers which might place them in a conflict in regards to their regular work schedule. Janis has to be considerate in her requests. Janis can minimize the conflicts by giving the managers a head start. This can be done during the weekly meetings. If Janis needs to use the employees or resources of the managers she can schedule their services a week in advance. There are always potential risks that project managers might face in any project. A risk is something that may happen that can have a negative impact on a project (Projectperfect, 2011). Janis has to realize a risk assessment in order to find ways to minimize the risk. The project Janis is in charge of is a construction project. An inherent risk the company faces is not selecting the proper construction crew for the project. A way to lower that risk is to hire only workers that have at least three years of experience in the construction industry. Another risk of this type of project is potential accidents to the workers. To offset this risk Janis must purchase insurance. A third risk that Janis might face in the project is time related issues. The project could get delayed which would hurt the plans of the company. A good way to minimize the risk of the project being delayed is by Janis using a work breakdown structure. A work breakdown structure can be defined as result orientated family tree that captures all the work of a project in an organized way (Chapman, 2004). The great thing about using a work bre akdown structure is that it allows the project manager the ability to divide the work in different deliverables. It is easier to estimate the time it takes to complete each deliverable separately. The work breakdown structure can also help the project manager lower the risk of exceeding the stipulated budget for the project. Janis has a budget of $2.75 million for the Alabama construction project. For this project to be completed on time and within budget Janis has to do a good job of communicating

Criminal assingnment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal assingnment - Essay Example Under this law, the jury is given wider latitude in determining the mens rea by giving it the ability to evaluate each given circumstances. In connection with the case at bar, let us therefore apply the principles of mens rea and the underlying laws that punishes criminal offenses. The actus reus can be established here as negligent act of Alan in loading the gun and accidentally firing it at his father. To recall, the actus reus maybe be the acts R. v. Majoram [2000]1, omission (R v. Dytham [1979]2; R v. Pittwood (1902)3 or negligence (see R v Stone and Dobinson (1977)4 of the parties involved. The mens rea of the case is loading of the gun which caused the accidental shooting. According to the case of Metropolitan Police Commissioner v. Caldwell [1981]5, where the actor recognized the danger of the act but still persist to perform such act; the requirements of mens rea are satisfied. However, the fact Alan confessed later that he was hearing voices; he never really had any criminal intentions of killing his father mitigates the degree of the act. Alan as a soldier knows about guns. In fact, as a soldier, he had formal trainings when it comes to guns. In the case of R v Cunningham (1957)6, the court decided that where the accused can reasonably foresee the consequences of his or her actions but did not really care whether the consequences of his or her action will actually happen or not, that person is considered guilty of recklessness. Since Alan did not have any intentions of really injuring or killing his own father, the offense will now fall within the ambit of sections 47 and 20 of the Offences Against the Persons Act. Under section 20 of the Act, a person who â€Å"unlawfully and maliciously wound or inflict any grievous bodily harm upon any other person, either with or without any weapons or instrument†¦Ã¢â‚¬  shall be guilty of battery. The use of the gun as a weapon

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence Essay

Motives of and challenges for the corporate expansion and emergence - Essay Example For example, Starbucks is one of the big business tycoons in America which have thousands of outlets across the country. They have coffee shops in each and every corner of America and the competition from the competitors is increasing day by day. It is difficult for them to expand their business in America because of the saturation they have already attained and internationalization of the business seems to be the only option left for them. On the other hand the intrusion of the corporate companies has made the things worst for the small scale and medium scale business groups. Big business tycoons with their immense financial capabilities and innovative business strategies have conquered the markets of the small and medium business groups. It is difficult for the small and medium business entities to fight or compete with the multinational corporate companies and acquiring strength through mergers or acquisition is the only way ahead of them to stay in the market. welcoming Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to their country by liberalizing the rules for the foreign Corporate Company’s entry into their country. Moreover the cultural adaptation of the business in a foreign country seems to be difficult one for the international companies. Thus expansion and emergence is a difficult task both in domestic circuit and international circuit. This paper briefly explains the expansion and emergence of companies through mergers and acquisition and strategies and challenges for merger and acquisition process. Mergers and Acquisition is a common phenomenon in international business circuit at present because of the steep global economic recess. Even survival seems to be difficult irrespective of big or small companies. Financial institutions like Lehman Brothers and automobile manufacturers like GM have suffered severe setbacks and they have no other way, but to think in

Logistics Transportation Cost Analysis Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Logistics Transportation Cost Analysis - Outline Example The successful completion of the proposed study is expected to come with several significant advantages. Whereas some of these benefit the field of logistics literature, others will be useful for professional logistics practice. As far as literature is concerned, it is expected that the study will fill most gaps that exist in the academia about logistics transportation cost analysis. By so doing, ongoing and future researchers would have very strong conceptual basis on which they will establish their own research. Very often, conducting research with limited resources for conceptual framework makes the research lack credibility because the researchers have to rely on personal intuition and reasoning instead of fact backed evidence. But where there are gaps in literature, researchers have very limited options than choosing such unproductive means. By concluding this study therefore, most gaps relating to the relationship between transportation cost and transportation tools, as well as the importance of scientific design transport network shall be put in context. From a more practical context, this study shall be conducted through the use of primary data collection, which means that there will be realistic interventions about how existing issues of logistics cost can be addressed within organisations. Waters (2003) lamented of the high degree of cost associated with logistics transportation, which makes companies fail on realising the real advantages that should come with SCM.

Lorenzo The Magnificent Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lorenzo The Magnificent - Research Paper Example I believe this to be a possibility because of the many works of art, sculpture and architecture that are being made during this period. Much of this beauty only exists because it was commissioned by the wealthy ruling families of Italy. People such as myself, Lorenzo Medici, commission artwork not only to promote culture and the arts in my city, but also to show off the material wealth my family commands. The types of works I commission demonstrate the recent advancements that have taken place in architecture and art as well as convey a sense of the impression I wish to make upon my neighbors and associates. Having been raised in a family already strongly committed to the arts, I hope to one day be remembered as one of art’s finest patrons but remain somewhat fearful that it is other areas of my life history will focus upon. The physical world I knew while growing up went a long way toward fostering my love of the arts, but it also helped shape my personality in other ways. In our Florentine society, it is necessary for princes who can afford it to build huge residential palaces, villas, fortresses, governmental buildings, churches and convents that we can then fill with statuary, paintings, sculptures, brilliantly performed original pieces of music and other fine works of art. This is how we demonstrate our status in our very class-conscious society. â€Å"Art historians bury the why – and hence the sociology – by their excessive emphasis on questions of form and style. Most of the great building projects of the Italian Renaissance †¦ had behind them the urge to exhibit now: to exhibit an identity, to show the power or piety of the man and his family dynasty, and to carve out a space in the city that would belong to that name, that individual and dynasty, for all times† (Marti nes, 1979: 236). These sentiments applied equally to other commissioned works of art as well. At three stories tall, the family’s Medici Palace in

Harry Potter And The Order Of the Phoenix Essay Example for Free

Harry Potter And The Order Of the Phoenix Essay J. K. Rowling is the author of the Harry Potter books series that began with the book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone while Warner Bros. owns the rights to produce the movies based upon the book series. The latest outing of the movie version of the book series is the adventure filled â€Å"Harry Potter And The Order Of The Phoenix†, movie number 5 of a 7 series film outing. Released in the year 2007, the CGI heavy film stars Daniel Radcliffe in the titular role together with Emma Watson and Rupert Grint portraying the highly important support characters of Hermione Granger and Ronald Weasley respectively. The now more light colored movie setting, when compared to the previous directorial jobs of Chris Colombus and Alfonso Cuaron, was imagined and crafted by the imagination of first time Harry Potter director David Yates. In order to be able to follow the story as it unfolds throughout the movie, one must be an avid Harry Potter book or movie follower for the storyline of the movie is not for the uninitiated and will leave any viewer without a background in the story series feeling frustrated and left out of some of the seemingly inside jokes being thrown around in the movie (e. g.  Who are you and what have you done with Hermione Granger? ) The film picks up the story from where the prior movie, â€Å"Harry Potter And The Goblet of Fire† left off. Harry is coming to terms with the death of Cedric Diggory at the end of the previous movie while also trying to figure out who he really is as a person. Is he a bad person trying to be good or, as his Godfather Sirius Black told him â€Å"just a good person to whom bad things happen? † All of his personal doubts make him choose isolate himself from even his closest friends because of the way most of the school views him as a liar. As a character, Harry develops like any normal teenage boy. He dabbles in the typical first love, first kiss, and often rebellious streak that his main nemesis, Lord Voldemort, portrayed in the film by the superb British actor Ralphe Fiennes, often takes advantage of. I observed this particular movie to be, in a a way, the coming of age for the students of Hogwart’s School Of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Although the screenplay writer Michael Goldenberg took tremendous amounts of liberties in the retelling of the book, the main plot and lessons from the book still managed to translate well to the big screen. After all, it is no joke trying to translate an 870 page book to the big screen with a running time of almost 3 hours. Die hard fans of the book will probably scream â€Å"Sacrilege! † at the way certain key elements that were perceived in the book, such as the magic mirror Sirius gave to Harry on Christmas Day, or the jinxed DA coins that Hermione gave to the member of their little organization in order to prevent the members from telling about what they were up to in the Room Of Requirement. But I guess that one will realize that all the key elements were retained within in one way or another. The fans will also most likely not appreciate the way certain duties in the book seemed to have gotten reassigned in the movie. For example, in the book, it was a member of the DA who told Prof. Umbridge about where their organization meets, not Cho Chang. What did help the story to move along quite well on film is the total cutting out of the minor subplots in the book that really had no place in the movie version. The real magic of the Harry Potter movie series seems to lie in the way that author J. K.  Rowling has managed to write a book series that mirrors the problems facing teenagers in such a way that the readers and the movie viewers who grew up with the story will be experiencing the same things almost simultaneously in real life. The movie has real lessons to teach, such as standing up and fighting for what one believes in, believing in yourself and accepting the consequences of your actions, and finally, knowing that there is always an easier way out of things but that may not always be the right path to take.

Expressionism in Art | Analysis

Expressionism in Art | Analysis How is expressionism defined? By the concept behind the paintings of this movement or can you really define a movement that was based on freedom and self expression. Expressionism was a cultural movement grown within a number of different art forms including poetry, literature and painting. The word expressionism is the main piece of information best describing the theme of the movement, the word expression been used to describe a facial movement to portray a mood or feeling. An artist of the expressionist movement is just recreating the expressions we paint on our faces into a emotional painting that evokes their inner most feelings, enforcing there own visualisation through an emotional response to the worlds representation. An artist of the expressionist movement aims to paint not the reality of something but instead its interior perception. Expressionism originated in Germany at the start of the 20th century with many artists breaking away from realism and developing their work t o create this new movement. Artists including Edvard Munch, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein and Otto Mueller where the artists who founded and stared within the expressionist movement. Expressionism was a deliberate manifestation of post-impressionism (Zigrosser, C. 1957 p.5) using the same degree of representation of painting in that they where not concerned with the form and shape of what they where painting. Many expressionist painters looked upon the work of Vincent Van Gogh, influencing there work with many expressionist painters gaining inspiration from Starry Night which represents many of the fluid movements within expressionist paintings. Influences from starry night can be found in that of Edvard Munchs work as the paint flows across the painting in the same manner. The difference was that impressionism was a recreation of what the artist saw, creating a suggested impression of the object or figure not an emotional response. The movement of expressionism was instigated mainly by the paintings of Norwegian artist Edvard Munch who was the forerunner of expressionist artwork and helped to develop and influence expressionism in Germany and parts of central Eu rope. Highly influencing many expressionist painters and leading the development of the two major expressionist groups De Brà ¼cke (The Bridge) and Der Blaue (The Blue Rider) Reiter. Munches work was mainly based on his life experiences with his work sometimes quite disturbing and violent. Munch most famously known for his series of paintings titled The Frieze of life. Many of his paintings been fuelled by his troubles in life through the death of his family in particular the painting The Scream ( 1893). In which it depicts his social anxieties within life and nature. The original title given been The Scream of Nature .The fluid movements of paint within the painting and the vivid deep colours are used to express the feelings of despair and terror. The true nature of the painting is described within the short story written by Munch that is referred to as a description of his inspiration. I was walking along a path with two friends   the sun was setting   suddenly the sky turned blood red   I paused, feeling exhausted, and leaned on the fence   there was blood and tongues of fire above the blue-black fjord and the city   my friends walked on, and I stood there trembling with anxiety   and I sensed an infinite scream passing through nature Although as do many other expressionist painters this is not a literal meaning instead describing his personal experiences within life. Expressionism is the emotional experience in its most intense and concentrated formulation. Their key note was the exploration- of mans inner life (Zigrosser, C, 1957, p.5). Munch and Van Gogh inspired many artists and lead four German artists to create an expressionist group called The Brà ¼cke. This group, located in Berlin included Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel and Karl Schmidt Rottluff. The intention being to revolutionise the course of German art and profoundly to influence the nature of German Society (Whitford, F, 1970. P34). The Brà ¼cke were the first to be wholly expressionist painters, revolutionising art and breaking away from the atheistic criteria that had been set by there predecessors. In the development of the modern world and increasing industrialisation and urbanisation; originated a revolt in favour of the new expressionist movement and intense inner vision. Expressionism sought to separate man from society and break away from status and creat e a new group who where Avant- Garde. The group started out in mainly woodcuts and prints developing there work into paintings and rejecting the conventional traditional artwork of the classical and impressionist movements. The artist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner was said to be the founder of the group within the group it is clear that each artist has influenced each other with many of the artists paintings involving sweeping slashes in a jarring movement across the painting. Many of Kirchners paintings where of the night life and consisted of nudes and figure compositions. My goal was always to express emotion and experience with large forms and simple colours and it is my goal today (Zigrosser, C. 1957.p15).One famously known painting by Kirchner is Bathers at Moritzburg (1909) shows the spontaneity of the brush strokes used and the loosely drawn figures seen in many of this groups art works. It is also visible that there is an influence in many expressionist paintings from Gauguin as h e uses bold colours to express a certain situation and the mood and atmosphere of the place, this can be seen especially in his painting- eve -Dont Listen To The Liar (1889). This Painting could be considered to be an early expressionist painter as the atmosphere of the painting shows a certain level of anguish and despair that the viewer portrays and picks up the underlying emotions of the painting. Expressionism started to develop and a new group of expressionist painters where formed, they labelled themselves Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) as did Die Brà ¼cke they rejected their classical legacy and turned to nature and the primitive (little, s.2004.p104) . Der Blaue Reiter group consisted of Alexei Von Jawlensky, Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc and many more, the group came together years after Die Brucke when a painting of Kandinskys was rejected from an exhibition. This group focused on the spirituality of art and expressing there work in a imaginative way that would sometimes in the work of Kandinsky would represent childhood memories of fairy tales. After moving to Germany there work developed further and some would later describe the work of Kandinsky as abstract expressionism and was the front runner and inspiration of many abstract painters. The work of Jawlensky is mainly figurative and shows signs of cubism, in many of his paintings and other of the group links to other art movements such as cubism and fauvism can be seen. Kandinsky developed his work further and created a more modern take on the more traditional expressionist paintings. One early piece by Kandinsky is The Blaue Reiter (1903) which was Created to form colour harmonies that which would purify the soul and would be a connection between music and painting, this theme is in many of Kandinskys paintings. Kandinsky was known for having synaesthesia where he would see music as colours. Music is the ultimate teacher (Kandinsky). Kandinskys work became more abstract with him becoming interested in colour analysis and geometrical elements became an important component of his paintings. This can be seen in one of his most famous paintings Transverse line (1923) in which he used shapes and loose aggressive lines across the painting to express his feelings at the time but without using any direct connection between his personal life and the painting. Kandinsky was an important turning point in the revolution of art as many abstract painters still take inspiration and admiring his work. Expressionism was a movement defined by freedom and self expression, a way for artists to express their feelings- not directly, but through art. Expressionism was an important movement in the arts as it created and developed into many different art movements and has and still inspires many artists.

Essays --

To make its brand personally relevant, surprising, and easy to process, Under Armour initially positioned itself as â€Å"a brand for the next generation of athletes.† Instead of sponsoring established athletes, Under Armour chose to sponsor up-and-coming athletes to show off their product. In first endorsement was a deal with a Dallas Cowboys football player who had been at University of Marland with Under Armour’s founder. Furthermore, the company’s performance apparel had been spotted on endorsers such as Heather Mitts (soccer), Cam Newtown (football), and Derrick Williams (basketball). As Under Armour’s sponsored athletes did well, and their teams won games and even championships, its brand started to gain attention and visibility. Under Armour gains mass recognition and attract young and serious athletes. The brand got exposure although not every rising star became a sports legend. Under Armour continued to make their products relevant by keep upgradi ng and using technology to let its customers with the best sports gear. Moreover, they took advantage of social media by staying connected with customer and offering the important information about their products. This was how Under Armour did to gain attention from onlookers and made its brand personally relevant. It started from a little-known brand name to be able to afford some high-profile deals. It’s surprising since they started out as small company becoming an industry dominated by corporate giants such as Nike and were able to grow and became a serious industry competitor. It made onlookers of sports believing its brand name and quality. Under Armour had a strong brand vision and product was easy to process because they made a clear statement that they wanted to better all a... ...purchase a top of the line product. The guarantee of the product is also clearly seen on the website because Under Armour wants its customers to feel like they matter and if they are not satisfied with the product then they will be fully refunded. This also shows that Under Armour is very confident in their product and truly cares about their customers. Under Armour wants potential customers to read their guarantee because a customer that is having a hard time making a decision of whether or not to purchase a product will see that they can have a full refund if they are dissatisfied. This provides the customer with a low risk, high reward situation and may influence their decision. Products that are continuously updated through technological advancements, has a strong brand name, and a strong mission statement and guarantee creates trust and loyalty with customers.

Albert Einstein :: essays research papers

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14, 1879.As a kid he had trouble learning to speak. His parents thought that he might be mentally retarded. He was not smart in school. He suffered under the learning methods that they used in the schools of Germany at that time so he was never able to finish his studies. In 1894 his father's business had failed and the family moved to Milan, Italy. Einstein who had grown interested in science, went to Zurich, Switzerland, to enter a famous technical school. There his ability in mathematics and physics began to show. When Einstein was graduated in 1900 he was unable to get a teaching appointment at a university. Instead he got a clerical job in the patent office at Bern, Switzerland. It was not what he wanted but it would give him leisure for studying and thinking. While over there he wrote scientific papers. Einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the University of Zurich to obtain a Ph.D. degree in 1905. In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and became lecturer there. The next year Einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of Zurich. By 1909, Einstein was recognized throughout Europe as a leading scientific thinker. In 1909 the fame that resulted from his theories got Einstein a job at the University of Prague, and in 1913 he was appointed director of a new research institution opened in Berlin, the Kaiser Wilhelm Physics Institute.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1915, during World War 1, Einstein published a paper that extended his theories. He put forth new views on the nature of gravitation. Newton's theories he said were not accurate enough. Einstein's theories seemed to explain the slow rotation of the entire orbit of the planet Mercury, which Newton's theories did not explain. Einstein's theories also predicted that light rays passing near the sun would be bent out of a straight line. When this was verified at the eclipse of 1919, Einstein was instantly accepted as the great scientific thinker since Newton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By now Germany had fallen in the hands of Adolf Hitler and his Nazis. Albert Einstein was Jewish. In 1933 when the Nazis came to power, Einstein happened to be in California. He did not return to Germany. He went to Belgium instead. The Nazis confiscated his possessions, publicly burned his writings, and expelled him from all German scientific societies.

Careers In Investment Banking Essay -- essays research papers

Careers in Investment Banking A career in the securities industry can offer exciting work if you enjoy working in a competitive and demanding atmosphere. Investment bankers, stock brokers, and stock traders all make up the securities industry providing services to each other, as well as the general public. All of people involved in this field deal with stocks, bonds, and other financial material in some way or another, but they all have their own specific objectives and duties. The primary differences between the three are the services they provide and who they provide these services to. Investment banking seems to be the most interesting of the three, as well as the most rewarding. This is due to the nature of the job an investment banker must perform. A career as an investment banker has its pros and cons just as any career does, but if you're looking for a high-demanding, high-risk career that at times is very rewarding financially, investment banking could be the career.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment banking has been around since stocks have been issued and bonds sold, but the field demanded little, if any new jobs before the 1980's. This was due to the low complexity of the financial markets. Since then, investment banking jobs have been significantly growing due to the availability of complex securities and high-yield bonds, also known as junk bonds.(Investment Banking,12) Now that the financial market has become more complex, companies that didn't require and investment bankers now need their advice to effectively help their company sell stocks and bonds, and to make financial plans for the future. This shows the growing need for investment bankers in the securities industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment bankers serve a major part in shaping our nation's economy as well as the world's. This is done by devising financial plans and putting them into effect. The process of doing this is very time consuming but doesn't seem a bit boring. Investment bankers also spend a lot of time traveling to various clients to present ideas and when at home, investment bankers work on developing financial plans and strategies for clients. All this work can appear to be very time consuming, and it is. According to Linda C. (So You Want To Be, 2) a typical day for an investment banker out of school is to start a... ... compensation on performance, employees of that firm work under extreme pressure to produce successful results. To many, this method of rewarding bankers is a positive, but others feel it is way too stressful not to be guaranteed a fixed income. Another drawback to working in the securities industry is a lack of job security. Poor performance or non-performance, being too conservative, can be a large factor determining whether a firm should keep its employees or not.(Investment Banking,3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When deciding whether a career in this particular field is right for someone looking into investment banking, one must first consider the advantages and the disadvantages of this particular career, and then decide whether the job will suit his or her individual needs. In general, a career in the securities industry seems extremely hard and very time consuming, and from time to time, has had me contemplating whether or not to major in finance. The type of work demanded is very diverse and seems very interesting, with very high compensation for individual performance. With that in mind, choosing to go into the securities industry could be very rewarding. Careers In Investment Banking Essay -- essays research papers Careers in Investment Banking A career in the securities industry can offer exciting work if you enjoy working in a competitive and demanding atmosphere. Investment bankers, stock brokers, and stock traders all make up the securities industry providing services to each other, as well as the general public. All of people involved in this field deal with stocks, bonds, and other financial material in some way or another, but they all have their own specific objectives and duties. The primary differences between the three are the services they provide and who they provide these services to. Investment banking seems to be the most interesting of the three, as well as the most rewarding. This is due to the nature of the job an investment banker must perform. A career as an investment banker has its pros and cons just as any career does, but if you're looking for a high-demanding, high-risk career that at times is very rewarding financially, investment banking could be the career.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment banking has been around since stocks have been issued and bonds sold, but the field demanded little, if any new jobs before the 1980's. This was due to the low complexity of the financial markets. Since then, investment banking jobs have been significantly growing due to the availability of complex securities and high-yield bonds, also known as junk bonds.(Investment Banking,12) Now that the financial market has become more complex, companies that didn't require and investment bankers now need their advice to effectively help their company sell stocks and bonds, and to make financial plans for the future. This shows the growing need for investment bankers in the securities industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment bankers serve a major part in shaping our nation's economy as well as the world's. This is done by devising financial plans and putting them into effect. The process of doing this is very time consuming but doesn't seem a bit boring. Investment bankers also spend a lot of time traveling to various clients to present ideas and when at home, investment bankers work on developing financial plans and strategies for clients. All this work can appear to be very time consuming, and it is. According to Linda C. (So You Want To Be, 2) a typical day for an investment banker out of school is to start a... ... compensation on performance, employees of that firm work under extreme pressure to produce successful results. To many, this method of rewarding bankers is a positive, but others feel it is way too stressful not to be guaranteed a fixed income. Another drawback to working in the securities industry is a lack of job security. Poor performance or non-performance, being too conservative, can be a large factor determining whether a firm should keep its employees or not.(Investment Banking,3)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When deciding whether a career in this particular field is right for someone looking into investment banking, one must first consider the advantages and the disadvantages of this particular career, and then decide whether the job will suit his or her individual needs. In general, a career in the securities industry seems extremely hard and very time consuming, and from time to time, has had me contemplating whether or not to major in finance. The type of work demanded is very diverse and seems very interesting, with very high compensation for individual performance. With that in mind, choosing to go into the securities industry could be very rewarding.

Performance Management Systems

Performance Management System Sparrow and Hiltrop (1994) suggest that â€Å"performance management is essentially a strategic management technique that links business objectives and strategies to individual goals, actions, performance appraisal and rewards through a defined process. † They also believe that â€Å"the most important feature of an effective performance management system is its ability to be seen as a method of continuously securing improvement’s in the performance of teams and individuals against pre-defined business strategies and objectives. From reading through the quotes of Sparrow and Hiltrop I understand performance management to be a system which identifies the strengths and weaknesses of individuals or teams of employees. From then speaking to the employees in a formal manner, in which you are praising them for their achievements throughout the year i. e. promotion, raise or a company car, but also explaining to them where they could improve them selves to be motivated in following the objectives and strategic plans of the company.Job performance within management performance reveals several terms that are often used interchangeably, such as performance appraisal, performance assessment, performance evaluation and job appraisal. However, in general terms, they are regularly all concerned with measuring an individual’s performance in a given job against preset work standards and involve designing a formal system to facilitate observation, monitoring, analysis, feedback and target setting. Since of late I have had my own performance appraisal done in my part time job in a large fast food restaurant I will be constructing my essay around performance appraisal.In my essay I will be looking at how performance appraisals help improve motivation within the work force, I will explain how the system operates currently, provide evidence that base criticism of the system, and suggest practical and implementable improvements. His tory Its roots started in the early 20th century; it can be linked to Taylor’s scientific management theory. Taylor thought that workers should be paid and rewarded by meeting specific work targets. If the workers met these targets, he would then pay his workers fairly for the tasks and goals met.He would also give regular feedback to his workers. This point ties in with performance appraisal, by Taylor rewarding and giving feedback to his workers he was demonstrating how if workers did well they would be rewarded for their efforts. Also by giving his workers feedback he was showing how the task could be better or to the correct standard. Taylor also believed that workers should be trained and developed, which is also relevant to today’s role of performance appraisal. However Taylor assumed the way of thinking like an autocratic manager, where he thought workers where only motivated by money.But as performance appraisal has expanded and grown with time, it has seen tha t workers are not just motivated by money. Performance appraisals started out as being a simple method of income justification. Appraisals were used to decide whether or not the salary or wage of an individual employee was justified. If the employee’s performance was found to be unsatisfactory then the employees’ wages would be cut. However, on the other hand if the employees work was found to exceed the manager’s expectations, then the employee would find him/herself with a pay rise.Very little consideration was given to developing the employees’ skills and talents in the work place. It was seen that a cut or rise in pay was good enough for the employee to work harder or keep working hard. More often or not this system failed. Motivational research showed that workers with evenly the same work abilities could be paid the same but one individual’s motivational principles could be completely different to someone else’s. Pay rates are importan t to workers but it is not the only characteristic that influences an employee’s performance.By the research discovered once employee’s where financially safe workers would then look for morale and self-esteem to motivate them. I associate this research finding with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Once a worker knows that they are physiologically safe, they then start to move up the pyramid, they would realize that money does not influence them to be motivated to work hard at work anymore. Instead they will look to be socially accepted in the company and that their hard work is valued and recognized within the company.When a worker has been with a company after a length of time and has been rewarded with rises in pay, they will then look to getting promotions and move higher up in the company. Present Appraisals Once managers recognized that workers were not motivated by money anymore, they realized things had to change. So in today’s working environment, th ere can be five key steps to setting up a performance appraisal. * Develop an appraisal form. * Identify performance measures. * Set guidelines for feedback. Create disciplinary and termination procedures. * Set an appraisal schedule. Developing an appraisal form Appraisals should be done justly, consistently and accurately to protect the employees’ interests and to protect your company from legal liability. A way to ensure consistency is to use a standard appraisals form for each worker. The form used should focus only on the essential job performance areas. This makes the appraisal more meaningful and relevant and allows the appraiser and the appraised address the issues that matter most.The job performance areas that should be included on the performance appraisal form are job knowledge and skill, quantity of work, quality of work, work habits and attitude to others and communication skills. In each area, the appraiser should have a range of descriptors to choose from i. e . very bad, bad, good, very good and excellent. Depending on how specific the descriptors are, it is often important that the appraiser also have extra space included on the form to provide their thoughts behind his or her rating. Identifying performance measuresIdentifying and developing performance measures can be one of the more time-consuming parts of creating a performance appraisal system however; it is one of the most powerful. Standard performance measures objectively measures some of the more subjective job performance areas, such as work habits. The appraiser can establish an objective measure for attendance by defining the acceptable number of times an employee can be late for work or absent during a certain time frame. Standard performance measures don’t always work for other subjective areas, such as attitude.In these cases, it’s still important to be as objective as possible in your appraisal. Don’t attempt to describe attitude, instead, describe t he employee’s behavior, which is what expresses the attitude, and the consequences of that behavior for the practice. For example this employee has failed to support his/her co-workers. When another member of his/her department is absent, he/she refuses to take on the additional tasks required to process patients in a timely manner. This behavior causes patient backlog, places a burden on staff and compromises effective teamwork.Managers should work with their employees in each position to gather quantitative data, examine historical patterns of volume and determine qualitative measurements that reflect the company’s mission and goals. Setting guidelines for feedback Feedback is what performance appraisals are all about. So before human resource management, implement the performance appraisal system, make sure that all the managers that will be conducting appraisals knows what kind of feedback to give, how to give it and how to get it from the employee in return.Many m anagers make the common error of glossing over an employee’s deficiencies and focusing only on his/her strengths. It is by explaining their weaknesses that employees can take ownership of their performance and role in the practice. And when given the support they need to make improvements in these areas, employees learn to take pride in their work and are willing to take on new tasks with confidence. After the appraiser has discussed the results of the appraisal with the employee, the appraiser should encourage the employee to give some constructive feedback.They should ask the employee whether he/ she agree with their assessment, and/or invite suggestions for improvement. In my appraisal, I was told that I was doing a good job but also where I could improve. The company is also thinking of sending me on a one day course to gain some more skills, for me to improve in my job. Creating a disciplinary and termination procedures In some cases, even after a thorough performance ap praisal and a discussion of expected improvements, an employee will continue to perform poorly.Human resources need to be prepared to handle such a situation by having well-defined, written disciplinary and termination procedures in place. These procedures should outline the actions that will be taken when performance worsens. In most cases companies will firstly proceed with a verbal warning. If the employee still performs badly a written warning is then issued. If there is no improvement or a recurrence, then termination is the situation if not ultimately resolved. Setting an appraisal scheduleOnce human resource management has built their performance appraisal system – the appraisal form, the performance measures, the feedback guidelines and the disciplinary procedures – they just need to decide when to conduct the performance appraisals. Some practices do all employee appraisals at the same time of year, while others conduct them within 30 days of each employeeâ₠¬â„¢s anniversary of employment. In my opinion the latter may work better since it spreads the work of the appraisals out for employer and employee. Whichever way they decide to schedule the appraisals, they must ensure that each appraiser consistently meets the deadline.Ignoring employees’ overdue appraisal will make them feel devalued and may hurt morale and performance. For me my performance appraisal was a week after my anniversary of starting in the restaurant. This is the easiest way for this company as so many people work there. From my own experience my appraisal was not a formal event. I was told when I came into work that my manager wanted to see me, which made me feel anxious and worried. It was informal and very relaxed. In this instance I would criticize the way the appraisal was held.In researching for this topic performance appraisals should be formal and official. Since I was offered the chance to go one the course, it made me very confident that I was doing a good job. It motivated me to work harder for the company. From working a year in the company people will notice who is doing a good job and who maybe not, especially when the boss is gone. My suggestion would be that employee’s confidentially review their co-workers using the appraisal forms. However this will only work is people are not too nasty and use this against their co-worker. .

Coming to America, Scarface, and Borat Essay

Motion pictures due to its nature, creates somehow a subliminal effect on its viewers. Certain dialogue and inherent acting can leave an impression to anyone who may watch it. These impressions have a large probability that what people see on screen could actually be real. Filmmakers on the other hand, know this effect on its viewers and create movies based on their own intention. For some filmmakers the purpose could be is to simply entertain, for others to educate. But even with this purpose in mind, some films made even though most likely unintentional, can cause a variety of reactions depending on the viewers perspective and comprehension of a specific film. A lot of these kinds of reactions may come from a twisting plot or a thought provoking characterization of its actors. The latter proves to have more reactions generated due to its social relevance, the characterization in films by the minorities of society. Since the inception of including minorities in film, a lot of criticisms were raised due to what others may deem offensive for the part of how the minorities are at times being falsely stereotyped and while others will consider it socially acceptable when analyzing it in a larger context (Sienkiewicz & Marx, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze three films namely Scarface, Coming to America, and Borat. The study will discuss the roles portrayed by the lead actors in which they are also considered as part of the social minorities. This paper will break down the stereotypes or negative images in which the film may convey and how does these films contribute to oppression of one group or another. Data Analysis Coming to America In this film, Eddie Murphy plays the role of Prince Akeem a soon to be King of his wealthy country Zamunda. The plot revolves around Prince Akeem’s motivation to find his bride, since the type of wives being offered to him by the current king his Father, seems to be like Prince Akeem’s soon to be slaves, due to their nature to obey and please whatever the Prince will desire. That part alone shows the characters of women, (in this movie majority of the women are black) especially growing out from poverty will do anything just to get married to a Prince. Although women here is not considered minority but the negative image conveyed by the film of their characters, except for the main lady Lisa McDowell (in which Prince Akeem soon married due to her distinct quality), are basically like Gold diggers and will do absolutely anything just to get rich. Another incident, in which the film portrays and intentionally to be funny, was when Akeem and his cousin went to America to find the bride of his dreams, they encountered deceit and theft mainly from black people living in the impoverished area of Queens New York. Criticisms here depends on the type of viewer perception, some may react that not all Black people are like that, and they might even add that they just did those crimes due to poverty, but others will just look at it as unintentional and as a way to create a joke, but based on a study social and political themes the proportion of blacks who resort to violence has risen substantially over the last decade (Powers, Rothman & Rothman, 1996, p. 179). Also a scene worth noting, was when it showed the future Father in-law of Akeem, Cleo McDowell (played by John Amos) running his business, which have almost the perfect resemblance of McDonalds due to its signature usage of the Golden Arches, in which he calls the McDowell’s. This scene portrays another character of the black people engaged in playful deceit for the purpose of comedy, although ugh the scene naturally funny but again may create a message that in general black people are simply like that. Even on the way Cleo treats his daughter on finding the right man, he always preferred a wealthy young man to be his future son in law, thus Akeem here for his purpose to be loved by the way he is and not for money he assumed the role of a poor man, in which his Cleo totally disliked and preferred the more well off son of a rich family Daryl. Deceit lies and the motivation for money seems to be the underlying themes of this movie, although created as a comedy to somehow cover these types of elements, it was really shown clearly when the stereotyping ended on the scene when Akeem’s father the King went to New York to find his son and stop the potential marriage of him and Lisa, offered a significant amount of money to Cleo for his troubles, Cleo then stood up for his hidden principles and reacted as if it was an insult to treat her daughter like that. This could a positive affirmation and probably the filmmakers created this scene for viewers not to generalize and jump into conclusions on the nature of the black people in this film. Scarface On the movie Scarface, Al Pacino plays the role of a Cuban refugee named Tony Montana. As an immigrant Tony was depicted as a very strong character incapable of fear especially driven by his goal of making it big on a different country like America. This characterization of Al Pacino explains the American immigrant experience suggesting that crime which is the centerpiece of which is drugs cannot be disconnected from the American Dream (Sharret, 2001). After him and his best friend Manolo (played by Steven Bauer) went out the refugee camp after a tumultuous rebellion, they found themselves on having a job as dishwashers. This shows that in America most of the jobs for immigrants with little education end up as blue collared workers doing hard work and long hours. This kind of work only made Tony feels that it was nothing different from back home in which he tried anything possible to get away of the communism grip. He decided to results into what he feels he can do best. Violence and drug dealing, this has made the movie somehow more dangerous in respect to all immigrants trying to live an honest hardworking life in America, as viewers may perceive that this is the way immigrants are, due to their background on either poverty or a tough government from their own countries. Thus stereotyping again may exists, however this film offered much more than just the immigrant experience, from that foundation it went to describe the both the horrific image of drugs in the contemporary world and the violence and corruption attached to it (same as Sharret, 2001). It was not long when Tony Montana thought he had achieved the American Dream, he killed his former boss, took away his business and his wife and even his own bodyguard to work for him. This happened as portrayed, that tension occurs when minorities (like Tony the immigrant from Cuba) and his White boss tried; but failed to resolve issues and misunderstandings (Powers, Rothman & Rothman, 1996, p. 180). Tony knows he cannot do it alone without the help of corrupt bureaucrats who actually assist drug traffic as part of the realpolitik of post-war foreign policy (same as Sharret, 2001). Those scenes have a tremendous negative effect on not only to the violence by an immigrant but on his ability to utilize the system of the society in America that seems to support the idea of competition and acquisition as hallmarks of success and accomplishment (same as Sharret, 2001). There was what it seems as turning point in the film, in which Tony, His Wife Elvira (played by Michelle Pfeiffer) and Manolo went to a fine dining restaurant. In this particular scene Tony now considered rich and powerful, went beyond as he insulted his wife for being a drug addict, and made a scene with the whole considered to be the elite class of the society. The film conveys the message that this kind of society only knows where to point fingers when it comes to trouble and it a lot of times it goes to the immigrants whom they perceived are the bad guys and specializes on dealing drugs and partaking in violence. This explains that those other diners may have no idea what an immigrant experience could be and possibly do not care except if it affects them directly, in this particular scene it did. A lot of people considered Scarface as an epic gangster film, due to its themes of the capitalist lifestyle (in contrast to communism) violence and effects of drugs. Borat Borat is a film, that is supposed to comedic in nature, turned out as a heavy racist context, full of offensive themes for both the Kazakhstan people and the Americans as well according to its critics. But is it really? again depending on the type of viewers’ point of view. The film portrayed the country of Kazakhstan as a medieval society in which rape and incest are cheerfully accepted, and sometimes combined, some audiences knows that this kind of joke is not on the country itself, but on the western perception that foreign cultures are backward (Ryan, 2006). The ploy is centered on the character Borat Sagdiyev, (played by Sacha Baron Cohen) Kazakhstan’s second-best reporter, going to America to analyze the attitude and nature of the American people. In his travel accompanied by his producer Azamat Bagatov (played by Ken Davitian), Borat tries to learn the American sense of humor by interviewing an American coach, this scene conveys that the joke in which adding the word and exclamation Not! At the end of every sentence is proudly of American Origin ( same as Ryan, 2006). The other particular scene in which Borat interviewed the Veteran Feminists of America, can be considered nothing more sophisticated than a prank at the expense of those who don’t know what the joke is, or even that there is a joke (same as Ryan, 2006). But this scene in particular portrayed the seriousness of the Veteran Feminists which either way doesn’t want to be stereotyped as Borat would prefer. This somewhat immigrant experience of Borat has also led him to his infatuation to television personality Pamela Anderson. Borat then meet with a group of drunken friends ( which this scene is not scripted) and these guy showed Borat a videotape of Pamela Anderson having sex with his then boyfriend Tommy Lee, having seen this Borat feels very depressed, since in his country the belief of virginity is very important, and before he have seen the video he thought that Pamela is still a virgin, this again portrays that Kazakhstan people are primitive as well as naive. The guys who showed Borat the video claimed (since this was an actual shot) that they are unfairly represented in the film as sexist louts because of their drunken state, but during that scene their celebratory screening of the tape reveals their sexism indisputably (Metz, 2007). There a lot of scenes in the film in which can be easily concluded as racist tags or false stereotyping, but as some of the scenes which are shot are not scripted like, the scene discussed earlier, explains some of the actual nature of the Americans on how they sometimes treat an immigrant especially if they don’t have any background of a specific immigrant. The immigrant experience here shows that people in whom he interacts can be well perceived as if they are trying to understand the minority, but at the same time holding their ground if they see something is not just normal by their standards. Conclusion The influence of film on audience perception can really be significant. Especially when dealing with the social order of the society. In this study we analyzed three films on which the corresponding focal point is the immigrant experience by the main characters. They all seemed reacting on what the new society already has in place for them. For us viewers, we see these types of minorities and a lot of times we simply cannot enjoy a film as it is, due to the disturbance of the negative messages of violence, offensive jokes, racism, drugs, sexism and lot of subliminal messages the film itself conveys to us. The problem with this is clear from this study, that it indeed has an effect that can possibly create oppression for a particular group, and in this case the immigrant minorities of our society. Reference List Charles, L. (2006). Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. United States:Four by Two. De Palma, B. (1983). Scarface. United States:Universal Pictures Landis, J. (1988). Coming to America. United States:Eddie Murphy Productions Metz, W. (2007) Shark Porn: Film Genre, Reception Studies, and Chris Kentis’ Open Water. Film Criticism 31. 1 Powers, S. , Rothman, D. , and Rothman, S. (1996). Hollywood’s America: Social and Political Themes in Motion Pictures. Boulder. CO: Westview Press. Sharrett, C. (2001). Cinematic Drug Wars. USA Today, Society for the Advancement of Education. Sienkiewicz, M. & Marx, N. (2009). Beyond a Cutout World: Ethnic Humor and Discursive Integration in South Park. Journal of film and video 61. 2 Ryan, G (2006). Thongs of Freedom: The Kazakh Ace Reporter Uncovers Uncomfortable Truths about the US. New Statesman

Explain How Lady Macbeth Changes Throughout the Play Macbeth Essay

Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† which is considered one of his darkest and most powerful tragedies, Lady Macbeth, a very important character, changed dramatically throughout the play. At first she appeared confident, assertive and the dominant partner. She was cold blooded and cruel but then she became nervous, scared and suicidal. Soon Macbeth and Lady Macbeths relationship starts to falter. She is the one who influenced and hurried Macbeth to kill Duncan so to have more power, so Macbeth could become king and they could be very wealthy and have a lot of power. At the beginning of the book Macbeth was awarded the position of Thane of Cawdor, but Lady Macbeth wanted more, she wanted to be powerful and rich which is why she and Macbeth decided to kill Duncan at their own house. â€Å"Stop up th’access and passage to remorse, That no compunctious visiting’s of nature, Shake my fell purpose nor keep peace between, Th’effect and it† (1.5. 42-45). This is Lady Macbeth asking to have no remorse or fear of what’s about to happen, she’s asking to have strength to carry on with her purpose and dare not stop it. â€Å"Come, thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, To cry, ‘Hold! Hold!’† (1.5.48-52). This quote means that she doesn’t want anyone to interfere with her purpose she wants to keep up with the plan and not let anybody or anything stop her. She seems very confident in herself, she’s asking for these things, strength, no remorse or fear but she is confident that her plan will work so long as nobody interferes. â€Å"Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures; ‘tis the eye of childhood, That fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, I’ll gild the faces of the grooms withal, For it must seem their guilt† (2.2.56-60). In this quote Lady Macbeth is saying to Macbeth that she will clean up and make it look like Duncan’s guards are the ones who killed him, she’s very assertive here and confident. She appears to be the dominant one because she is taking charge of the situation and finishing the deed. â€Å"Get on your night-gown, lest occasion call us, And show us to be watchers. Be not lost, So poorly in your thoughts† (2.2.73-75). Again in this quote you can really see how Lady Macbeth is taking charge and knows what she’s doing, Macbeth seems wracked with guilt and Lady Macbeth is helping him to see that he needs to act innocent.

Lady Macbeth is a fiend or a tragic figure Essay

The definition of a fiend is ‘an evil spirit’ or ‘a very wicked or cruel person’. This word conjures up many images in my mind, very much like the definition of what a fiend is. Notions of a person with no conscience or mercy enter my mind. What enters your mind when this word is implemented could change your views entirely. The first time we meet Lady Macbeth is when she is reading aloud a letter received from Macbeth. As soon as she has finished reading the letter, her thoughts immediately turn to the murder of Duncan. There is no hesitation, she has decided that she will do everything she can to make sure Macbeth becomes king. â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor; and shalt be what thou art promis’d†. Lady Macbeth knows her husband has the ambition needed to commit treason, but is concerned he hasn’t got the evil in him to correspond with this aspiration. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s minds immediately consider the possibility of taking the king’s life when they are informed of the witches prophecies. Macbeth says â€Å"my thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical†, which is implying that in his head, are visions of murder, but he does not yet know whether this will be carried out. Lady Macbeth, in contrast, believes whole-heartedly that this unlawful killing will take place. Lady Macbeth is power hungry, and she shows no deliberation over what might go amiss, or the consequences of her actions. Lady Macbeth’s considerations may well be all because she cares about Macbeth, and wants to provide him with what he lacks, ‘the illness’ that should accompany such ambition, so that he can fulfil his true potential. Lady Macbeth, immediately as she hears of Duncan’s arrival, calls on the supernatural force’s to remove all that makes her a woman, so she can perform the slaughter of the king. At this point I perceive Lady Macbeth as calling on the spirits to help her resort to evil, because she does not possess it naturally. However, some people’s views may differ to mine, and they could take the opinion that Lady Macbeth must not be a loving person to invite the spirits in, and question what kind of a woman would want her femininity eradicated, so that she could, in fact, become evil. She believes she can contend with the intrusion of unearthly spirits into her mind and soul, and the suppression of her femininity. The use of her language in this scene is dark and disturbing, ‘unsex me here’ and ‘take my milk for gall, you murdering ministers.’ At this point Shakespeare wants to make connections with hell, ‘dunnest smoke of hell’, this is all very mysterious and threatening. It is very hard to feel sympathy for her here, even though she isn’t involving herself for her own gain, and what happens to her later is all as a consequence of her devotion to Macbeth, and the fact that she did everything she could to make him exercise his full potential. The fact that she wants him to fulfil his potential is revealed throughout the play, for example, when she asks him if he is ‘afeard to be’ what in fact he would like to be. Tragic figures usually have a flaw in their character. I think Lady Macbeth’s flaw is that she didn’t have the evil in her in the first place, therefore she had to call on the spirits. Calling on the spirits was a significant error of judgement, and the outcome of this was the ending of Lady Macbeth’s life. When Lady Macbeth first greets Macbeth, she greets him with the titles the witches prophecies presented him with. This could be Shakespeare’s way of demonstrating that Lady Macbeth is in the same league as the supernatural forces that predicted the campaign for supremacy that follows. There are also other relations that Shakespeare makes between Lady Macbeth and the supernatural, these happen throughout the play, but are more subtle. He is always using the language of Lady Macbeth and distributing dark language throughout it. For example, ‘devil’, ‘hell’, ‘murdering’ and ‘blood’. Once Macbeth has informed his ‘dearest love’ of Duncan’s arrival, she swiftly launches into her plan of action, â€Å"O never shall sun that morrow see!† Lady Macbeth seizes the moment and takes control of the situation. She advises Macbeth to â€Å"bear welcome† in his eye, and â€Å"look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under ‘t.† This is something which Lady Macbeth frequently has to do, and later seems to come easily, for instance, when she speaks to Duncan. It doesn’t seem to come as easily to Macbeth, he finds it hard to stop his emotions displaying themselves through his actions and speech. Even though plotting to murder the king is very much a shared project, Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind the murder. Although, Lady Macbeth does not envisage there being any other murders. Here, I am unsure as to whether she wants to kill the king for Macbeth’s advantage, therefore being a selfless person and wanting to bring the best out of Macbeth. If not, did she do it all for her own benefit, so that she could have more control? Because, of course, she already has control over Macbeth, hence her reasons for being power hungry, once you have control, greediness sets in, and you yearn for more. She instructs Macbeth to â€Å"leave all the rest† to her, which again shows that she is dominant. The reason Lady Macbeth would be power hungry is because she has no power of her own, the only route to gaining authority for her is through her husband, Macbeth. Women in Shakespeare’s time didn’t have any individual power, they weren’t thought of as equals, and most didn’t learn how to read and write. Women had absolutely no rights. Therefore it makes sense for Lady Macbeth to want Macbeth to become king, as then she can gain supremacy too. She can make it seem to her husband, that she’s making an effort to help him develop his aspiration so that he can be better. When in fact, she is also driving him on for her own benefit. The â€Å"innocent flower† image is certainly portrayed in the way Lady Macbeth speaks to Duncan. They are very courteous towards each other, which is ironic, because of the horrendousness of what ensues. Lady Macbeth is at this point, a fiend in every way. She is planning to commit the grisly murder of the monarch of her country; yet, in greeting him she is well-mannered and gracious. If Duncan was addressing me as a â€Å"fair and noble hostess† and I was plotting his demise, this would make me feel a considerable amount of guilt. The fact that we see none of this influences me towards assuming the title â€Å"fiend† is one which is appropriate in this scene. Macbeth makes a decision, that going ahead with â€Å"th’ assassination† of the king would be a regretful deed. There are many reasons for his choice, he is afraid of going to hell and also Duncan is a wonderful king, people would miss him. Macbeth would like to be king, and wouldn’t mind murdering if there were no further consequences. Macbeth is not one to be easily deceived; he knows murder would entail many other things, for example, lies, deceit. He is not prepared to carry out his scheme. He admits he has no ‘spur’, and directly afterwards, enters Lady Macbeth, she is the spur that he is lacking, which is why Macbeth changes his mind, he now possesses the spur that he needed. Lady Macbeth makes him think he actually wants to be a murderer. She accuses him of not being a man, instead a â€Å"coward†, which to an individual which at one time was referred to as â€Å"brave†, â€Å"valiant† and â€Å"hardy†, could be deeply insulting. Macbeth could have dismissed what she said, if he had enough courage and control over himself. The fact he does not do this, shows Lady Macbeth as being in absolute control of him, and also an enormously influential part of Macbeth’s thinking, or it could show that Macbeth did want to go through with the murder after all, as he barely required much persuasion. She points out that Macbeth has already promised to undertake the elimination of Duncan, and that when he did this, neither time or place was appropriate, but he was going to find a way. Now though, time and place is appropriate, but he is afraid, therefore no longer a man. Lady Macbeth uses the brutal image of their lost baby to persuade Macbeth. This is an immensely important part of the play to me, as it may give a method to Lady Macbeth’s madness. Is the reason she has her sights set on murder to get justice for her dead child? Is she so consumed with burning rage, she believes another death will soothe her suffering? This makes me pity her greatly, she’s suffered so severely! However, my sympathy weakens as soon as she uses the image of the baby they were so obviously so passionate about as a tactic to manipulate Macbeth into performing a horrifying murder, of the worst kind. She knows this will weaken Macbeth’s resolve and paints a very graphic, violent picture of what she would have gone through with, if she had promised to do so. † I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, and dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.† Lady Macbeth interrupts Macbeth a lot and is dismissive towards his opinions. This demonstrates how Lady Macbeth is a fiend, she does not want to listen to his points of view or arguments, she is determined the murder will go ahead. She divulges her very detailed and well thought out plan to Macbeth. A detailed plot is more likely to have impact, as it gives the impression nothing can go wrong. Lady Macbeth disregards the consequences, shows no mercy for her king and is in relentless pursuit of power and authority. When Lady Macbeth talks about what has made her become bold, this also proves the point that she has not got the full evil in herself, as the alcohol she’s consumed has stimulated her further to commit the crime. When Lady Macbeth couldn’t kill Duncan we see a glimpse of humanity, she did it because she genuinely felt she couldn’t bring herself to murder someone who so closely resembled her father. If this was the case, it proves that Lady Macbeth isn’t as cold and hard-hearted as she is primarily portrayed. We know this is her mind, as she speaks alone. Macbeth regrets the murder immediately; he is distraught that he could not say ‘amen’. ‘I am afraid to think what I have done’. He cannot go back and face what he’s done; he’s so racked with guilt. Lady Macbeth on the other hand has to be strong, Macbeth has brought the murder weapons back, Lady Macbeth has to return them, and does it with no mercy for the king, she has not thought of the consequences yet, but this will come later. Lady Macbeth tries to downplay the murder that has so recently been committed, ‘consider it not so deeply. I think inside she is considering it, and this point is proved by her actions later on in the play, where she recounts the murder, replaying the conversations between her and her husband. ‘A little water clears us of this deed’ is crucial, and again shows that Lady Macbeth thinks her mind can be freed from what they’ve just done by washing their hands. She reiterates this so many times in her actions later on in the play, which shows that even though she was acting as though it wasn’t relevant, and didn’t affect her, in actual fact, the truth is that it did have an emotional impact. ‘These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so it will make us mad’, which is extremely ironic in view of the insanity that later follows. Lady Macbeth is the iron fist and icon of authority for Macbeth, but as he ceases to confide in Lady Macbeth, she loses control more and more. The first time we see evidence of this is when she has to be carried out, after Macbeth has murdered the guards; this is the first time we sense they are growing apart. There are many reasons she could have fainted, she could be shocked, as Macbeth has acted without her. Originally, Lady Macbeth had to use all of her influential powers, including brutal analogies of their deceased baby to persuade Macbeth to commit murder. Now however, he commits murder without even discussing it with Lady Macbeth, and it was worryingly easy for him. She thought that the murder of Duncan would be the end of killing, and she was not prepared for another instance of death, and she thought they were in it together. This is where we begin to commiserate with Lady Macbeth. A tragic character does acquire sympathy from the audience, a fiendish villain does not. Therefore Shakespeare’s intending the audience to perceive her as a tragedy. ‘Noughts had, all’s spent, where our desire is got without content: tis safer to be that which we destroy than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy’. Lady Macbeth is feeling remorseful, they have not gained anything, but lost everything, they are living in an insecure pleasure. She is doubting that what they’ve done was the right thing to do, but reveals none of this to her husband. Instead she asks him why he is keeping things from her, ‘why do you keep alone’, and why he is contemplating thoughts which she says should have died with Duncan. This is the beginning of the separation of the two characters, who were previously so united in their marriage. Macbeth doesn’t tell his wife that he plans to kill Banquo, even though she asks ‘what’s to be done?’ ‘Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck’, gives an insight into the way that Macbeth thinks of his wife, he believes her to be untarnished, and is stil l considering her feelings. The defining scene in the separation of Macbeth and his ‘fiend-like queen’ is the banquet scene. Lady Macbeth is behaving as the gracious, well mannered hostess, giving a respectable speech to her fellow nobles. This again portrays the ‘innocent flower’ image, but I am not sure that her ‘serpent’ exists now at all. I say this because she has no intentions of killing anyone, therefore she has the right to be polite and play the role of the humble host. However, she is keeping up the pretence that Macbeth is acting normally, and that his ‘fit is momentary’. She encourages her guests to ignore Macbeth, but I imagine that she is finding it hard enough to do for herself. She again insults him, ‘quite unmann’d in folly?’ She is trying to control him in the way she did before the murder, but it’s not having the same effect. This time it is different because she can’t understand what her husband is seeing, as she isn’t going through it with him. She nonetheless covers for him when his ‘fit’ returns. This demonstrates that Lady Macbeth is devoted to her husband incessantly. It doesn’t matter for her whether he returns this devotion or not. Macbeth is the reason she stays strong, therefore when he begins to desert her, she doesn’t have a reason anymore, so this could be a cause for her ‘infected mind’ later on in the play. She is beginning to lose understanding of Macbeth, and tells him he lacks ‘the season of all natures, sleep.’ This is a very significant line, as it is again ironic because the next time we see Lady Macbeth, she’s the one that is having trouble sleeping. This is not the first time Shakespeare has made Lady Macbeth foresee the future, without realising. I think he may be continuing to do this so that it is connecting Lady Macbeth with the supernatural. Lady Macbeth has invited the supernatural in, so this could also be Shakespeare’s way of emp hasizing this fact. When Lady Macbeth begins to sleepwalk, this is a true insight into her mind. We are finally seeing her true colours, and the gradual disintegration of her mind, mentality and soul is brought to a head. Her command is that she has light by her all the time, realistically, is this the demand of a fiend? Lady Macbeth finally realises the consequences of her behaviour, and is racked with guilt. I think this scene is all about revealing the true character of Lady Macbeth, and exposing the vulnerability of this individual, who at one time showed such strength, or did she? In Polanski’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is shown naked, which reveals her defencelessness perfectly. She’s looking for a way to free herself of the guilt she’s been carrying for so long. Somehow though, I think she knows this can never be achieved, ‘will these hands ne’er be clean?’ Some people could argue that Lady Macbeth is looking for redemption, which I whole-heartedly believe, however, they would probably also make the point that her misconduct has been too much to expect salvation. I don’t think that she’s asking for too much to be able to try and redeem herself though, a truly evil person surely wouldn’t want to escape guilt, as there would be none. The thought of evil, which Lady Macbeth once sought after and accepted, is now haunting her in her troublesome sleep. It proves she expected murder to end after they had killed Duncan, ‘the Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now?’ She shows remorse, and tries to cleanse her hands of the corrupted stains of murder, but she knows that ‘all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.’ Some could maintain that Lady Macbeth deserves to be destroyed by evil, as she encouraged the spirits to enter her. Lady Macbeth’s conscience appears in private, whereas Macbeth’s emerges at a public banquet. This expresses the roles of men and women in Shakespeare’s day. Lady Macbeth returns to the times when her and Macbeth were closest, planning the murder together, and recounts conversations had. She is desperately trying to cling on to the person who she is so devoted to, but who has now abandoned her in his relentless pursuit for dominance. This factor points to her being a tragic figure, as we see her becoming increasingly isolated, and feel a heightening sense of pity for her. This scene marks the realisation of Lady Macbeth’s unavoidable descent to madness. I think death is welcomed by Lady Macbeth, as she knows she can never escape this swirl of grief and incessant guilt. In conclusion, Lady Macbeth’s character gradually degenerates through a false portrayal of unyielding strength, a shifting involvement with supernatural powers and gradual separation from her former life. Lady Macbeth invited evil into her life, which resulted in her being overpowered by the ‘spirits.’ There are two arguments as to whether Lady Macbeth is a fiend or a tragic figure. In my opinion, Lady Macbeth can sometimes appear as a fiend, but the overall view I have of her is as of a tragic figure, who in the end is so guilt-ridden that she takes her own life. She dominated the murder of Duncan, regarded her husband as someone she could manipulate, then when he isolated her, lost all sense of being and ended her life. She was selfish in the way that she wanted the murder to go ahead so that she could gain power, and calls on evil to support her, as she doesn’t contain it within herself. Some people might then argue that if she invited them in, she certainly deserves the dissolution of her mentality. I don’t think Lady Macbeth was aware of what the evil spirits would do to her. However, even if she was aware, would she still have called on them? I think not, but some could claim that she is so heartless she would have. Lady Macbeth never worries about the consequences until afterwards. Then it is too late for her to stop what she started. Lady Macbeth maintains human emotion throughout the whole play, for example, where she cannot kill the king because of his resemblance to her father. She is selfless in the way that everything she did, taking the daggers back, hatching the plan etc, was for Macbeth. She was totally devoted to him, even though he deserts her, when she needs him most. It is no coincidence that as soon as we sense the Macbeth’s growing apart, Lady Macbeth’s madness sets in. All in all, I don’t think Lady Macbeth deserves what she gets. Macbeth committed further crimes, yet he only showed initial guilt, but once he is past that, he becomes an unstoppable brute. She is a loyal, devoted character who is so isolated that she sees no way out. There is so much pressure, the murders of Banquo and Lady Macduff’s family return to haunt her conscience, even though she played no part in them. She is even feeling guilt for her husband’s murders, surely not a fiend-like quality? All of the pressure mounts up and she sees no means of regaining her life, and therefore decides to end her existence. She didn’t do it because she was weak, she did it because she was guilty and repentant.